Considered the third Chinese golden age, this complex
dynasty was divided almost evenly into Northern (960 – 1126) and
Southern (1127 – 1279) halves. The former was a tranquil time characterized
by philosophical and artistic development, political centralization, and
economic growth. The latter, however, was quite the opposite; brutal invaders
drove the Chinese from their northern territory, forcing them to migrate
south and establish a new capital city. The psychological effects of this
devastating upheaval are apparent in Sung paintings; misty, ethereal landscapes
reflect conflicting emotions of regret, acceptance, and longing. The variety
and quality of ceramics increased dramatically, and wooden sculpture was
convincingly realistic.
